一 | 这是8月18日拍摄的《澳门特别行政区经济和社会发展第三个五年规划（2026-2030年）》新闻发布会现场。 Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza. Is Israel bound by the rules of war?
Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?
Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?
Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。
二 | 发（张金加摄） 澳门8月19日电 题：锚定高质量发展 为美好愿景提供坚实支撑——澳门各界解读新一份五年规划 记者齐菲、宋晨、郭雨祺 《澳门特别行政区经济和社会发展第三个五年规划（2026—2030年）》18日公布。分析人士指出，新一份规划全面准确贯彻“一国两制”方针，主动紧密对接国家“十五五”规划，统筹强、目标明、举措实、参与广，充分体现特区政府在新时代推动高质量发展的决心、信心与能力，为实现“法治澳门、活力澳门、文化澳门、幸福澳门”的美好愿景提供坚实支撑。 高水平安全护航高质量发展 新一份五年规划共10篇36章、68个专栏，约8.6万字。其中，“维护国家安全和社会稳定”专篇被放在重要位置，统领4个章节。规划提出2026—2030年澳门经济社会发展的八大目标，“总体国家安全观全面贯彻落实”亦被摆在首位。 澳门特区政府政策研究和区域发展局局长张作文表示，新一份五年规划目标明确、重点突出。国家安全是澳门长期繁荣稳定的前提与根本保障，独立成篇、位置显著，凸显重要地位。
三 | 澳门理工大学社会经济与公共政策研究所所长鄞益奋分析指出，规划作出多维度系统部署，一方面兼顾传统与非传统安全，完善维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，强化新兴领域安全治理；另一方面，研究制订《全民国家安全教育总体规划（2027—2032）》，重点面向青少年开展国家安全教育，厚植爱国爱澳社会根基。 他认为，规划体现澳门深入贯彻落实总体国家安全观，以制度机制和社会教育双向发力维护国家安全的基本思路。“把安全建设全面贯穿和深入渗透进特区治理各环节，为经济适度多元、民生保障优化、澳琴一体化等筑牢安全屏障，正是规划的重要主线。” 经济适度多元发展提质增效 特区行政长官岑浩辉近日发表署名文章，解读规划核心要义与重点任务。他表示，经济适度多元发展是保持澳门长期繁荣稳定的必由之路，是澳门特区政府必须答好的必答题。 从2016年首个五年规划至2026年第三个五年规划，“经济适度多元”始终贯穿其中。从“一五”的“推动”，到“二五”的“加快”，再到如今的“扎实推进”，动词表述的变化清晰勾勒出澳门推动经济转型从基础搭建到提速推进，再到强调提质增效的发展进程。 文章指出，特区将以四大工程项目和政府引导基金为抓手，重点推动“1+4”多元产业发展，力争在2030年实现非博彩业增加值占本地生产总值比重达60%左右。 相较“二五”规划，“三五”规划新增若干重要经济发展指标。其中，非博彩业增加值比重尤为引人关注。
四 | 张作文认为，将目标设定在60%左右，意味着澳门经济适度多元发展的举措力度将进一步加大。
五 | 据介绍，2026—2030年推进经济适度多元发展的重大项目预算总投资将达到约1300亿澳门元。澳门经济学会理事长柳智毅认为，对澳门这一微型经济体而言，这笔投入可谓规模空前。 他说，规划从更好发挥政府引导基金引领作用、加大资金投入和招商引资力度、培育具竞争力的新兴产业和新的经济增长点、积极推进具体工程项目等方面着力推动，澳门经济适度多元发展有望实现新突破，取得新成效。
六 | 融入和服务国家发展大局更积极有为 今年是横琴粤澳深度合作区成立五周年。规划第五篇专篇聚焦横琴，明确要用改革的办法破解发展难题，以科技、教育为引领，深化澳琴一体化发展，全力推进横琴合作区第二阶段高水平建设。规划增设澳琴一体化专属指标板块，重点围绕产业多元发展、跨境要素流通、民生融合共享等领域设置量化目标。 澳门大学社会科学学院院长胡伟星分析，规划紧扣“澳门+横琴”新定位，围绕体制机制、软硬联通、产业协同、民生跨境融合等方面出台系统性举措，为下一步发展明确方向。 他表示，从发展思路和逻辑看，特区政府坚定推动澳琴一体化发展，从单一产业融合迈向产业、民生、人才、治理等全域一体化。“未来横琴有望升级为集澳门产业延伸、跨境宜居新城、对外开放门户于一体的一体化新城区，成为充分发挥‘一国两制’制度优势，推动区域协同的标志性实践。” 澳门的发展始终与祖国同频共振。规划立足澳门背靠祖国、联通世界的独特优势，持续强化内联外通格局。 澳门学者同盟会长叶桂平分析，澳门一方面积极参与高质量建设粤港澳大湾区，携手广州、深圳、香港等城市构建具有国际竞争力的现代产业体系，加强科技创新联动，打造优质生活圈；另一方面，积极将中葡平台功能延伸至西语国家，参与和服务共建“一带一路”，打造中西文明交流互鉴重要窗口，澳门正以更积极的姿态、更有为的举措融入和服务国家发展大局。 澳门主流媒体评论指出，规划紧扣国家发展战略、立足澳门资源禀赋、回应市民民生期盼，以系统性科学规划锚定高品质发展航向，以深耕实干破解发展瓶颈，为澳门绘就清晰蓝图，开启澳门长治久安、提质振兴的全新征程。
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